Fig 1: Lactobacillus salivarius AP-32 and L. reuteri GL-104 regulate the expression of monosaccharide transporters in human intestinal epithelial cells. Caco-2 cells were cocultured with Lactobacillus strains AP-32, GL-104, MH-68, TYCA06, and F-1 for 20 hours in the presence of (A–D) 0.45% glucose or (E–H) 0.45% monosaccharide mixtures. mRNA was isolated from Caco-2 cells, and PCR was performed to analyze the expression of monosaccharide transporters. PCR gel images are shown in (A) and (E). Band intensities of (B, F) GLUT2, (C, G) fructose transporter (GLUT5), and (D, H) SGLT1. Data are normalized to expression levels in Caco-2 cells treated with medium alone (dashed line). The GAPDH gene served as internal control. Bar graphs show the means of two independent experiments. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GLUT, glucose transporter; MEM, minimum essential medium; SGLT, sodium-glucose co-transporter 1.
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